An underground pipe leak is uniquely frustrating: the evidence is a bill, not a puddle. Water disappears into the ground and the pipe keeps leaking.
The warning signs
A water bill that has risen with no change in usage. A meter that keeps moving with every internal outlet closed. An unexplained wet, soft or unusually green patch outside. Dropping mains pressure. Paving that has sunk or lifted. Occasionally, the sound of running water at the mains inlet.
Where buried pipes fail
Joints and connections are the usual point, particularly where the material changes. Corrosion attacks metal pipework, especially in salt-affected coastal ground. Ground movement stresses pipes until they crack. Installation damage from backfilling with sharp material causes failures years later. Irrigation lines are shallow and easily damaged by garden work.
How they are located
Zone isolation comes first, closing sections in turn while watching the meter, to identify which line is losing water. Acoustic ground microphones then detect the escaping water sound through soil and paving, with correlation equipment calculating the position. Where the pipe is plastic or the ground muffles sound, tracer gas provides a definitive answer.
Why not just dig
Trenching along a pipe run destroys landscaping and paving, takes days and often misses the leak. Surface detection marks the exact spot so a single small excavation resolves it.
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